Now, at first, debugging AsmBB in docker is pretty problematic IMHO. It is better to install local server and run directly.
I am using EDB rarely and debugging mainly by including debug prints to the console here and there. There is a library in FreshLib that allows easy switching on/off this debug print.
The option is options.DebugMode that is set at the line 24 of engine.asm file. Unfortunately the debug macros are not well documented, but look for OutputValue, DebugMsg, OutputRegister` in the source.
Anyway, I will try to write a little bit wider manual about debugging AsmBB when I have more spare time.